The Euclid space telescope—a mission led by the European Space Agency with contributions from NASA—aims to find out why our universe is expanding at an accelerating rate.
Where California’s towering Sierra Nevada mountain range surrenders to the sprawling San Joaquin Valley, a high-stakes detective story is unfolding. The culprit isn’t a person but a process: the mysterious journey of snowmelt as it travels underground to replenish depleted groundwater reserves.
For more than 50 years, NASA satellites have provided data on Earth's land, water, air, temperature, and climate. NASA's Earth Information Center allows visitors to see how our planet is changing in six key areas: sea level rise and coastal impacts, health and air quality, wildfires, greenhouse gases, sustainable energy, and agriculture.
Students from Richmond Hill, New York,will have the chance to connect with NASA astronauts Anne McClain and Nichole Ayers as they answer prerecorded science, technology, engineering, and mathematics-related questions from aboard the International Space Station. Watch the 20-minute space-to-Earth call…
After delivering more than 8,200 pounds of supplies, scientific investigations, commercial products, hardware, and other cargo to the orbiting laboratory for NASA and its international partners, Northrop Grumman’s uncrewed Cygnus spacecraft is scheduled to depart the International Space Station on…
NASA’s SpaceX Crew-9 completed the agency’s ninth commercial crew rotation mission to the International Space Station on Tuesday, splashing down safely in a SpaceX Dragon spacecraft off the coast of Tallahassee, Florida, in the Gulf of America. NASA astronauts Nick Hague,…
After landing on the Moon with NASA science and technology demonstrations March 2, Firefly Aerospace’s Blue Ghost Mission 1 concluded its mission March 16. Analysis of data returned to Earth from the NASA instruments continues, benefitting future lunar missions. As…
NASA will conduct a live flight test of aircraft performing simulated wildland fire response operations using a newly developed airspace management system at 9 a.m. PDT on Tuesday, March 25, in Salinas, California. NASA’s new portable airspace management system, part…
Media are invited to meet leaders in the space community during the 62nd annual Goddard Space Science Symposium, taking place from Wednesday, March 19, to Friday, March 21, at Martin’s Crosswinds in Greenbelt, Maryland. The symposium will also be streamed…
March 17, 2025 NASA is heading back to the state capitol in March for Space Day Texas, a recognition of achievements throughout Texas and a look ahead to the impact future human space exploration has on the Lone Star state.…
NASA and Firefly Aerospace will host a news conference at 2 p.m. EDT Tuesday, March 18, from NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston to discuss the company’s successful Blue Ghost Mission 1 on the Moon’s surface. Watch the news conference…
Editor’s Note: This advisory was updated March 17, 2025, to add new NASA+ links for the return coverage events. Additionally, updates to the Return-to-Earth media conference were made, including a change in participants and RSVP deadline for media to attend…
Four crew members of NASA’s SpaceX Crew-10 mission launched at 7:03 p.m. EDT Friday from Launch Complex 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida for a science expedition aboard the International Space Station. A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket propelled…
The Rocket City Regional – Alabama’s annual For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology (FIRST) Robotics Regional Competition – is scheduled for Friday, March 14, through Saturday, March 15, at the Von Braun Center South Hall in Huntsville, Alabama. …
NASA’s newest astrophysics observatory, SPHEREx, is on its way to study the origins of our universe and the history of galaxies, and to search for the ingredients of life in our galaxy. Short for Spectro-Photometer for the History of the…
Editor’s Note: This advisory was updated on March 12, 2025 to reflect a new date for media interview opportunities. NASA will provide interview opportunities with astronaut Jonny Kim beginning at 9 a.m. EDT, Wednesday, March 19, to highlight his upcoming…
Shortly after touching down inside a crater on the Moon, carrying NASA technology and science on its IM-2 mission, Intuitive Machines collected some data for the agency before calling an early end of mission at 12:15 a.m. CST Friday. As…
NASA is seeking design ideas from global creators for a zero gravity indicator that will fly aboard the agency’s Artemis II test flight. Zero gravity indicators are small, plush items carried aboard spacecraft to provide a visual indication of when…
Students from Oregon will have the chance to connect with NASA astronaut Don Pettit as he answers prerecorded science, technology, engineering, and mathematics-related questions from aboard the International Space Station. Watch the 20-minute space-to-Earth call at 2:15 p.m. EDT on…
Editor’s Note: This advisory was updated March 14, 2025, to update the timing for the hatch opening and welcome and farewell remarks on Sunday, March 16. Editor’s Note: This advisory was updated March 13, 2025, to reflect updated launch and…
NASA has selected Firefly Aerospace Inc. of Cedar Park, Texas, to provide the launch service for the agency’s Investigation of Convective Updrafts (INCUS) mission, which aims to understand why, when, and where tropical convective storms form, and why some storms…
Editor’s note: This release was updated on March 6, 2025, to reflect a change in the target landing time. Carrying NASA technology demonstrations and science investigations, Intuitive Machines is targeting their Moon landing no earlier than 12:30 p.m. EST on…
Students from Ohio and Texas will have the chance to hear NASA astronauts aboard the International Space Station answer their prerecorded questions this week. At 12:55 p.m. EST, Wednesday, March 5, NASA astronauts Suni Williams, Nick Hague, Butch Wilmore, and…
Carrying a suite of NASA science and technology, Firefly Aerospace’s Blue Ghost Mission 1 successfully landed at 3:34 a.m. EST on Sunday near a volcanic feature called Mons Latreille within Mare Crisium, a more than 300-mile-wide basin located in the…
The next set of NASA science and technology demonstrations is on its way to the lunar surface, where they will gather data about Earth’s nearest neighbor and help pave the way for American astronauts to explore the Moon and beyond,…
John Boyd, known to many as Jack and whose career spanned more than seven decades in a multitude of roles across NASA as well as its predecessor, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), died Feb. 20. He was 99.…
Media are invited to hear from NASA’s SpaceX Crew-9 astronauts during a news conference beginning at 11:55 a.m. EST, Tuesday, March 4, from the International Space Station. NASA astronauts Nick Hague, Suni Williams, and Butch Wilmore will discuss their return…
NASA will provide live launch and docking coverage of a Roscosmos cargo spacecraft delivering approximately three tons of food, fuel, and supplies for the crew aboard the International Space Station. The unpiloted Roscosmos Progress 91 spacecraft is scheduled to launch…
Three NASA-funded rockets are set to launch from Poker Flat Research Range in Fairbanks, Alaska, in an experiment that seeks to reveal how auroral substorms affect the behavior and composition of Earth’s far upper atmosphere. The experiment’s outcome could upend…
NASA has selected the 45 semifinalists of the Power to Explore Challenge, a national competition for K-12 students featuring the enabling power of radioisotopes.
A dolphin swims through the water in the Launch Complex 39 Area turn basin at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on Nov. 6, 2007. The turn basin was carved out of the Banana River when NASA Kennedy was built.…
Students from Richmond Hill, New York,will have the chance to connect with NASA astronauts Anne McClain and Nichole Ayers as they answer prerecorded science, technology, engineering, and mathematics-related questions from aboard the International Space Station. Watch the 20-minute space-to-Earth call…
The renewed seven-member Expedition 72 crew wrapped up its week researching how blood flows from the brain to the heart and how muscles and bones respond to exercising in space. The International Space Station residents also conducted vision checks and…
Technicians with NASA and Lockheed Martin fitted three spacecraft adapter jettison fairing panels onto the service module of the agency’s Orion’s spacecraft. The operation completed on Wednesday, March 19, 2025, inside the Neil A. Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building at…
After delivering more than 8,200 pounds of supplies, scientific investigations, commercial products, hardware, and other cargo to the orbiting laboratory for NASA and its international partners, Northrop Grumman’s uncrewed Cygnus spacecraft is scheduled to depart the International Space Station on…
Science in Space March 2025 Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, is regularly used on the ground to quickly produce a variety of devices. Adapting this process for space could let crew members create tools and parts for maintenance…
Three flight controllers from NASA’s Mission Control Center discuss their roles and how they monitor and maintain a healthy crew aboard the International Space Station. HWHAP 377
Say hello to one of the Milky Way’s neighbors! This NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope image features a scene from one of the closest galaxies to the Milky Way, the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). The SMC is a dwarf galaxy located…
Written by Conor Hayes, Graduate Student at York University Earth planning date: Monday, March 17, 2025 Last week I was in Houston, Texas, at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. The mid-March weather in Houston is often more like mid-summer…
Fourteen university teams have been selected as finalists for NASA’s 2025 Revolutionary Aerospace Systems – Academic Linkage (RASC-AL) Competition. This year’s competition invited undergraduate and graduate students from across the nation to develop new, innovative concepts to improve our ability…
The Expedition 72 crew with its four newest members is returning to science operations following a busy period of crew swap activities. Human research was Thursday’s main focus as the International Space Station residents studied how living in space affects…
NASA’s Earth Observing fleet continues to age gracefully. While several new missions have joined the fleet in the past year, scientists and engineers work to extend the life of existing missions and maximize their science along the way. The crowning…
Expanded coverage of topics from “The Editor’s Corner” in The Earth Observer On December 18, 2024, Terra — the first EOS Flagship mission — celebrated the 25th anniversary of its launch from Vandenberg Space Force (then Air Force) Base. Some 70…
Imagine your car is in conversation with other traffic and road signals as you travel. Those conversations help your car anticipate actions you can’t see: the sudden slowing of a truck as it begins to turn ahead of you, or…
This NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope image features a sparkling spiral galaxy paired with a prominent star, both in the constellation Virgo. While the galaxy and the star appear to be close to one another, even overlapping, they’re actually a great distance apart.…
NASA’s Glenn Research Center in Cleveland welcomed more than 150 students and educators to showcase technical careers, inspire the next generation, and ignite a passion for learning during a Career Technical Education program March 11. “Here at Glenn Research Center,…
Expanded coverage of topics from “The Editor’s Corner” in The Earth Observer Wind is a major factor in fire. It controls how fires evolve and pose threats to the safety of communities. While weather balloons are routinely used in daily operations…
Expanded coverage of topics from “The Editor’s Corner” in The Earth Observer Jack Kaye [NASA Headquarters—Associate Director for Research of the Earth Science Division] has received the 2024 William T. Pecora Award award for his vision and creative leadership in multidisciplinary…
A tree that sprouted from a seed that journeyed around the Moon and back is growing at NASA’s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. NASA’s Acting Associate Administrator for NASA’s Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate Lori Glaze and NASA Langley…
“I hid a sandwich in my spacesuit,” Astronaut John W. Young confessed in the April 2, 1965, issue of Life Magazine. The conversation about and the consumption of the sandwich, which lasted only about 30 seconds during the Gemini III…
The NASA Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO) seeks solutions to complex Earth Science problems using transformative or unconventional computing technologies such as quantum computing, quantum machine learning, neuromorphic computing, or in-memory computing. Breakthrough computing methods show promise in overcoming processing…
More accurate maps based on data from the SWOT mission can improve underwater navigation and result in greater knowledge of how heat and life move around the world’s ocean. There are better maps of the Moon’s surface than of the…
From longform interviews with astronauts and engineers to narrative shows that take you on a tour of the galaxy, NASA’s diverse podcast portfolio lets you experience the thrill of space exploration without ever leaving Earth.
From Earth orbit to the Moon and Mars, explore the world of human spaceflight with NASA each week on the official podcast of the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. Listen to in-depth conversations with the astronauts, scientists and engineers who make it possible.
Come get curious with NASA. As an official NASA podcast, Curious Universe brings you mind-blowing science and space adventures you won't find anywhere else. Explore the cosmos alongside astronauts, scientists, engineers, and other top NASA experts. Learn something new about the wild and wonderful universe we share. All you need to get started is a little curiosity.
NASA’s technical workforce put boots on the Moon, tire tracks on Mars, and the first reusable spacecraft in orbit around the Earth. Learn what’s next as they build missions that redefine the future with amazing discoveries and remarkable innovations.
Bienvenidos a Universo curioso de la NASA, en donde te invitamos a explorar el cosmos en tu idioma. En este pódcast, ¡la NASA es tu guía turística a las estrellas!
Únete a nosotros mientras exploramos y avanzamos hacia la Luna y Marte. Cada semana, entregamos a tu bandeja de entrada lo último en la exploración de la Tierra, el sistema solar y más allá.
Monthly newsletter for educators featuring interactive lesson plans, mission and research highlights, and opportunities to participate in events from across the federal government.
International Observe the Moon Night Updates | Sign Up
Updates on International Observe the Moon Night, as well as the latest lunar science and exploration news.
Quarterly digest from the Small Spacecraft Systems Virtual Institute (S3VI) of resources, opportunities, and activities for the small spacecraft community.
Find official NASA social media accounts and follow us on our mission of exploration and discovery.
These accounts represent NASA on social media and follow the agency’s policies and guidelines. Find the ones that match your interests and begin exploring!
NASA These accounts offer the broadest of the agency’s most important information.
Mission Directorates, Organizations & Programs These accounts offer news and updates from NASA organizations, programs, and the five Mission Directorates – Aeronautics, Exploration Systems, Science, Space Operations, and Space Technology.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership (APPEL)
The term astronaut candidate refers to individuals who have been selected by NASA as candidates for astronaut corps and are currently undergoing a candidacy training program at NASA’s Johnson Space Center. Learn more about the astronaut selection program. Read the biographies of the most recent class of NASA astronaut candidates – including those who are not active on social media.
The newsroom at Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters in Washington is open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. Eastern Monday through Friday. Media can contact the newsroom at: hq-media@mail.nasa.gov or 202-358-1600.
Since 2020, NASA has invited you, the public, to be virtual guests at launches and milestone events. As a virtual guest, you have access to curated resources, schedule changes, and mission specific information delivered straight to your inbox. Following each activity, guests are sent a stamp for their virtual guest passport! All resources, participation, and registration are FREE. Select your opportunities. Join us!
Get Invited, Join the Guest List
Join our exclusive guest list to receive invitations for every mission and milestone!
Yes, all resources, participation, and registration are completely FREE.
Why Should I Participate?
This is a unique way to experience the excitement of launch or milestone activities. As an event gets closer, new opportunities and resources become available. We make sure you know about them as well as any schedule changes.
Can I Really Participate from Anywhere?
Yes, you really can participate from anywhere! The map below shows virtual guest program participants all over the globe from the Artemis-1 launch.
Virtual Guest Passport
NASA's Virtual Guest Passport is available! Print your passport and be ready to add a stamp. Following each event, stamps are sent to our registered guests.
NASA has ceased broadcasting programming via satellite. Now, you can watch live and original programming on the agency’s new, free streaming platform, NASA+
The NASA App unlocks access to the latest images, mission updates, podcasts, and more — putting the universe at your fingertips.
Exhibition view of NASA’s Earth Information Center
NASA/Dan Goods
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NASA+
NASA+, a new ad-free, no-cost, family-friendly streaming service that embeds you into our missions through new original video series.
This long exposure photograph taken by NASA astronaut Matthew Dominick with a camera programmed for high sensitivity shows star trails and streaks of city lights as the International Space Station orbited 258 miles above the South China Sea off the coast of Vietnam near Ho Chi Minh City.
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Image Galleries
NASA has always told its story through its images, a few of which have become icons of human history. Discover images from missions exploring the universe and our home planet.
Backdropped against the blue and white Earth 130 nautical miles below, astronaut Mark C. Lee tests the new Simplified Aid for EVA Rescue (SAFER) system on Sept. 16, 1994.
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Podcasts
From longform interviews with astronauts and engineers to narrative shows that take you on a tour of the galaxy, NASA’s diverse podcast portfolio lets you experience the thrill of space exploration without ever leaving Earth.
NASA has established specific guidelines for the use of its brand, merchandise, and media. These guidelines are designed to ensure that the NASA brand is used consistently and appropriately across all platforms and partnerships.
Follow the exciting journey with NASA’s OSIRIS-REx team, as they launch a spacecraft to an asteroid, collect a sample of Bennu, and bring it home to Earth.
How would humanity respond if we discovered an asteroid headed for Earth? NASA’s upcoming documentary, “Planetary Defenders,” takes you inside the high-stakes world of asteroid hunting and planetary defense. Follow dedicated scientists and astronomers as they work to protect Earth from potential impacts.
Teams across NASA and Lockheed Martin come together to build the X-59 aircraft, a decades-long project seeking to achieve quiet supersonic flight and revolutionize commercial air travel.
Earth is home to countless ecosystems, whether it be a tropical rainforest, a vast desert landscape or a winter wonderland. Sit back and relax as NASA’s oldest Earth-observing satellite program, Landsat takes you on a journey around the world with beautiful images of our home planet from space.
NASA’s Far Out will take you on an out-of-this-world adventure! Come along with host Megan Cruz as she experiences how NASA makes space exploration possible – from training like an astronaut, building innovative robots, and protecting endangered wildlife.
Exploring the secrets of the universe for the benefit of all. NASA investigates the unknown in air and space, innovates for the benefit of humanity, and inspires the world through discovery.
Science Missions
Peering into the creation of the universe and traversing Mars
The James Webb Space Telescope is an orbiting infrared observatory that will look to the beginning of time and to hunt for the unobserved formation of the first galaxies, as well as to look inside dust clouds where stars and planetary systems are forming today.
Much closer to home, NASA has sent five robotic vehicles, called rovers, to Mars. Rovers help scientists in their quest to understand what different parts of the planet are made of.
NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope’s mid-infrared view of the Pillars of Creation strikes a chilling tone. Thousands of stars that exist in this region seem to disappear, since stars typically do not emit much mid-infrared light, and seemingly endless layers of gas and dust become the centerpiece. The detection of dust by Webb’s Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) is extremely important – dust is a major ingredient for star formation.
NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI; Joseph DePasquale (STScI), Alyssa Pagan (STScI)
Human Missions
From low Earth orbit to the Moon and Mars
Rotational crews have been living in low Earth orbit continuously aboard the International Space Station since 2000. Located about 250 miles above Earth, the space station is a full-time microgravity laboratory. On behalf of researchers worldwide, station crews conduct experiments only possible in the unique conditions of space, observe Earth as a system, and test new technologies that ultimately will help send humans far beyond Earth.
Artemis missions will send humans to the Moon for long-term scientific exploration and discovery. Artemis I was an uncrewed flight test that traveled 40,000 miles past the far side of the Moon and back to Earth to validate the Space Launch System rocket, Orion spacecraft, and other key systems. Artemis II will be the first flight test with astronauts to validate crew life support systems, and Artemis III will mark the beginning of humanity’s return to the lunar surface.
Living and working in low Earth orbit and at the Moon will help NASA and its partners prepare for the next giant leap: sending humans to Mars.
Clockwise from left, Expedition 68 flight engineers Anna Kikina, Josh Cassada, Nicole Mann, and Koichi Wakata pose for a fun portrait aboard the International Space Station.
NASA
Quesst
Lowering the Sonic Boom
NASA’s aeronautical innovators are leading a government-industry team to collect data that could make supersonic flight over land possible, dramatically reducing travel time in the United States or anywhere in the world.
Artist illustration of the X-59 Quiet SuperSonic Technology aircraft, which will soon take skies as NASA’s first purpose-built, supersonic experimental plane in decades.
Lockheed Martin
Space Technology
Demonstrating the innovations that help us go, land, live, and explore in space
Technology drives exploration and the space economy. Technology demonstrations enable NASA to mature the cutting-edge, laboratory-proven technologies and new capabilities that will transform future science and space exploration goals. Through these missions, we conduct ground-based or in-space testing to determine the feasibility of technologies and systems for use in NASA missions, for other government agencies, and with the commercial space industry
The flight demonstration unit of the next-generation 4-bed CO2 Scrubber (4BCO2) is targeted for launch aboard NG16 NET August 1, 2021. Once aboard the space station, this unit will be mounted in a basic express rack. This four-bed technology is a mainstay for metabolic CO2 removal and crew life support.
In 2022, we made history. In 2023, we are preparing for our future by exploring the secrets of the universe. All for the benefit of humanity.
Missions
Exploring the secrets of the universe for the benefit of all.
Four astronauts will venture around the Moon on Artemis II, the first crewed mission on NASA's path to establishing a long-term presence at the Moon for science and exploration.
NASA’s Commercial Crew Program is delivering on its goal of safe, reliable, and cost-effective human transportation to and from the International Space Station.
Probing beneath Jupiter's dense clouds to answer questions about the origin and evolution of Jupiter, our solar system, and giant planets across the cosmos.
The International Space Station Program brings together international flight crews, multiple launch vehicles, the international scientific research community and much more.
Four astronauts will fly around the Moon to test NASA's foundational human deep space exploration capabilities, the Space Launch System rocket and Orion spacecraft, for the first time with crew.
NASA is developing the Earth System Observatory, the core of which is five satellite missions providing critical data on climate change, severe weather and other natural hazards, wildfires, and global food production.
Space Technology in Development
The Small Spacecraft Technology (SST) program expands the ability to execute unique missions through rapid development and demonstration of capabilities for small spacecraft applicable to exploration, science and the commercial space sector.
Humans on the International Space Station
Every day since Nov. 2, 2000, people have been orbiting our planet inside the International Space Station, bringing together science, technology and human innovation to enable new technologies and research breakthroughs not possible on Earth. The first decade of the International Space Station was the decade of construction. The second decade moved from initial studies to fully using the orbiting lab. We have now entered the decade of results.
Decades of Discovery
NASA's first high profile program was Project Mercury, an effort to learn if humans could survive in space.
NASA is responsible for unique scientific and technological achievements in human spaceflight, aeronautics, space science, and space applications that have had widespread impacts on our nation and the world. When NASA opened for business on October 1, 1958, it accelerated the work already started on human and robotic spaceflight.
For more than two decades, people have lived and worked continuously aboard the International Space Station, advancing scientific knowledge, and making research breakthroughs that are not possible on Earth.
Human space exploration addresses fundamental questions about our place in the universe and the history of our solar system. NASA’s exploration vision is anchored in providing value for humanity by answering some of the most fundamental questions: Why are we here? How did it all begin? Are we alone? What comes next?
Never has humanity endeavored to simultaneously architect multinational infrastructures in lunar orbit, on the lunar surface, and at Mars — all while maintaining high-demand government and private-sector operations in low Earth orbit. Learn more about NASA's destinations for human exploration.
From the challenges of providing optimal nutrition to managing the risks posed by microgravity, NASA works to predict, assess, and solve the problems that humans encounter in space. Take a look at resources related to life in space.
With only five minutes and an unlimited number of questions, NASA astronaut Reid Wiseman describes living in space. Learn about the station’s temperature, astronaut food, prank calls, and more.
NASA supports a robust commercial space economy that advances American industry and promotes technological discovery through in-space work and research. American companies will continue to play an essential role in establishing a sustainable presence in space.
In a four-part series, NASA shares insight into the launch of the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket and Orion spacecraft for a flight test around the Moon in preparation for Artemis II.
Astronauts train for a variety of missions, including performing research on the International Space Station, launching from American soil on spacecraft built by commercial companies, and preparing for missions to the Moon with Artemis.
NASA’s Space Operations Mission Directorate maintains a continuous human presence in space for the benefit of people on Earth, enabling exploration efforts, commercial space, science, and other agency missions through communication, launch services, research capabilities, and crew support.
NASA astronaut Victor Glover and JAXA astronaut Soichi Noguchi inside the SpaceX Dragon spacecraft at the International Space Station.
Credits: NASA
NASA's Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate
NASA’s Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate manages the human exploration system development for lunar orbital, lunar surface, and Mars.
NASA is an exploration agency, and one of our missions is to know our home. We develop novel tools and techniques for understanding how our planet works -- for the benefit of humanity and for insights we need to explore other moons and planets. NASA's Earth Science Division operates more than 20 satellites in orbit, sponsors hundreds of research programs and studies, and funds opportunities to put data to use for societal needs. We develop new ways to observe the oceans, land cover, ice, atmosphere, and life, and we measure how changes in one drive changes in others over the short and long term. While listening to and collaborating with industry leaders, international partners, academic institutions, and other users of our data, we drive innovations and deliver science to help inform decisions that benefit the nation and the world.
Going With the Flow: Visualizing Ocean Currents with ECCO
NASA scientists and collaborators built the ECCO model to be the most realistic, detailed, and continuous depiction of the ocean ever developed. Read the story, watch the video, and look at the many new visualizations.
For 20 years, astronauts have been shooting photos of Earth from the space station. Like everything the astronauts do, they are trained for this job. And like everything they do, there is purpose and intention behind it.
Sensing the Seas
For more than forty years, NASA has found unique ways to study the surface layers of the ocean from the tropics to the poles. With three new missions since 2020 – PACE, SWOT, and Sentinel 6-Michael Freilich – we are now ushering in a new era of ocean studies.
The body of water off eastern Canada is one of the southernmost locations where Arctic sea ice forms, but its extent in winter 2024-2025 was well below normal.
PACE Scientists Take to the Sea and Air (and Really High Air)
One of NASA’s most expansive and complex field campaigns took place over the month of September. The goal: to check the data that the new PACE satellite is collecting from orbit about Earth’s atmosphere and ocean. To do that, NASA’s PACE-PAX (Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem mission Postlaunch Airborne eXperiment) deployed several aircraft and ships from multiple locations in California, including Marina, Santa Barbara, and NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards.
Earth Information Center
For more than 50 years, NASA satellites have provided data on Earth's land, water, air, temperature, and climate. NASA's Earth Information Center allows visitors to see how our planet is changing in six key areas: sea level rise and coastal impacts, health and air quality, wildfires, greenhouse gases, sustainable energy, and agriculture.
Explore curated collections of resources, including activities that can be done at home, as well as videos, animations, handouts, and online interactives.
Collections of stars, planets, and vast clouds of gas and dust bound together by gravity.
featured story
Euclid Discovers Einstein Ring in Our Cosmic Backyard
Gravitational lensing happens when massive objects like galaxies warp time and space around them, forcing light to bend and brighten as it travels through space. In the image to the right, light bending around the elliptical galaxy NGC 6505 forms a ring that seems aligned with the galaxy as predicted by Albert Einstein’s general theory of relativity.
The ring of light surrounding the center of the galaxy NGC 6505, captured by ESA’s Euclid telescope, is an example of an Einstein ring. NGC 6505 is acting as a gravitational lens, bending light from a galaxy far behind it.
ESA/Euclid/Euclid Consortium/NASA, image processing by J.-C. Cuillandre, G. Anselmi, T. Li; CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO or ESA Standard Licence
Featured Video
Legacy of Light: Exploring Cosmic Frontiers
How does the universe work? How is it changing, and what does its future hold? Is there other life in the cosmos awaiting our discovery? The answers to some of humanity’s most profound questions lie in the stars.
LEDA 1313424, aptly nicknamed the Bullseye, is two and a half times the size of our Milky Way and has nine rings — six more than any other known galaxy.
PUNCH launched March 11, 2025 and is a constellation of four satellites in low Earth orbit that will make 3D observations of the entire inner heliosphere to learn how
="heading-18">PUNCH
PUNCH launched March 11, 2025 and is a constellation of four satellites in low Earth orbit that will make 3D observations of the entire inner heliosphere to learn how the Sun’s corona becomes the solar wind.
What are some skywatching highlights in March 2025? March has great opportunities to spy fast-moving Mercury, stay up late to enjoy a total eclipse of the Moon, and learn about the dark side of the Moon!
To the NASA Science Community – As the nation’s leader in Earth and space science, NASA Science operates within the broader context of the federal government and its priorities. As part of the Executive Branch, we are always responsive to the direction set by the Administration, including executive orders and policy guidance that relate to our programs and activities.
Earth is constantly changing. World of Change documents how our planet’s land, oceans, and atmosphere are changing over time.
earth information center
Explore our changing planet
Earth is our home, shared with millions of species. Rapid changes like rising temperatures and more frequent extreme weather are transforming our planet. For over 50 years, observations from space and ground have monitored these changes, guiding critical decisions in areas like agriculture and air quality. By understanding how our actions affect Earth's systems, we can help mitigate these impacts. Discover more about how you can make a difference in safeguarding our planet.
Science is interconnected; no important question stands alone. The Science Mission Directorate (SMD) is an organization where discoveries in one scientific discipline have a direct route to other areas of study. This flow is something extremely valuable and is rare in the scientific world.
Welcome to NASA’s online home for all things related to the first “A” in NASA —Aeronautics. Here you can stay informed about NASA’s research to improve air travel and make it more sustainable. And if you’re interested in how NASA airplanes support the agency’s science programs and flight operations, we’ve got you covered. NASA is with you when you fly.
pictured: from 1975, the only time nasa's five ship fleet of F-104 starfighters were airborne at the same time.(see full image in aeronautics gallery below.)
welcome to the flight line – FEATURED AERONAUTICS content
NASA Funds New Studies Looking at Future of Sustainable Aircraft
Picture yourself at an airport a few decades from now. What does your airliner look like? It’s more efficient, with lower emissions than today’s aircraft – what kinds of designs or technology make that possible? NASA is working to answer those questions by commissioning five new design studies looking to push the boundaries of possibility for sustainable aircraft.
Artist’s concept of a 50-60 passenger hydrogen fuel cell electric plane created by Boeing through its future flight concept efforts. Aurora Flight Sciences, a Boeing Company, received an award through NASA’s Advanced Aircraft Concepts for Environmental Sustainability 2050 initiative to examine new alternative aviation fuels propulsion systems, aerodynamic technologies, and aircraft configurations, along with other technology areas.
Boeing
NASA Aeronautics – A Vision for Aviation in the 21st Century
NASA's Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate is working to enable industry to introduce transformative options for future air travel in at least four major areas.
High-Speed Commercial Flight
Quesst is NASA's mission to show the X-59 can fly supersonic without generating loud sonic booms and survey what people hear when it flies overhead. Reaction to the quieter sonic "thumps" will be shared with regulators who will then consider writing new rules to lift the ban on faster-than-sound flight over land.
Advanced Air Mobility is NASA's mission to help emerging aviation markets safely develop an air transportation system that moves people and cargo between places previously not served or underserved by aviation, using revolutionary new aircraft that are only just now becoming possible thanks to converging technologies.
Under the Sustainable Flight National Partnership, NASA is leading federal agencies and industry to accelerate the development of sustainable technologies. The goal is to enable globally competitive next generation airliners using up to 30% less fuel.
NASA is working with the Federal Aviation Administration and others to transform air traffic management systems to safely accommodate the growing demand of new air vehicles entering the airspace, enabling them to perform a variety of missions no matter what airspace that mission may require.
Quesst is the name of NASA Aeronautics' mission to help take the first step toward enabling commercial, faster-than-sound air travel over land. The centerpiece of the mission is NASA's X-59 research aircraft. The experimental supersonic jet is designed with technology that reduces the loudness of a sonic boom to a gentle thump. NASA will fly the X-59 over select U.S. communities and take surveys to record what people think of the quieter sonic thumps. The human response data will be delivered to U.S. and international regulators, who will consider setting new rules that allow supersonic flight over land.
NASA’s Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) research will transform our communities by bringing the movement of people and goods off the ground, on demand, and into the sky. This air transportation system of the…
Your next binge worthy series is right here. Enjoy this collection of videos that help tell the story of how NASA Aeronautics is transforming aviation for the 21st century.
NASA’s Aeronautics Innovation Challenges are your entry points to the exciting, fast-moving aviation world of today. And they’re valuable ways for us to get inputs and ideas that may never have occurred to us. Thank you for joining our journey!
NASA invites you, your family – even your friends and classmates – to sign up and add your name to our list of virtual passengers. Your name can ride with us on our X-planes, drones, and other flights as NASA explores ways to improve aviation for everyone. Print your personalized boarding passes, enter flights into your virtual flight log, and access activities, videos, and more!
The predecessor of NASA, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) was founded in 1915 with the intent of being an advisory committee that would coordinate research underway elsewhere. It quickly became a leading research organization in the new field of aeronautics, pushing back the boundaries of flight until its transformation into NASA in 1958.
News about using NASA aircraft to better understand our world.
Aeronáutica en español
Conozca los avances tecnológicos desarrollados por la NASA, la industria de la aviación está mejor equipada que nunca para transportar pasajeros y carga de manera segura y eficiente a destinos alrededor del mundo en español.
Welcome to NASA’s online home for all things related to the first “A” in NASA —Aeronautics. Here you can stay informed about NASA’s research to improve air travel and make it more sustainable. And if you’re interested in how NASA airplanes support the agency’s science programs and flight operations, we’ve got you covered. NASA is with you when you fly.
pictured: from 1975, the only time nasa's five ship fleet of F-104 starfighters were airborne at the same time.(see full image in aeronautics gallery below.)
welcome to the flight line – FEATURED AERONAUTICS content
NASA Funds New Studies Looking at Future of Sustainable Aircraft
Picture yourself at an airport a few decades from now. What does your airliner look like? It’s more efficient, with lower emissions than today’s aircraft – what kinds of designs or technology make that possible? NASA is working to answer those questions by commissioning five new design studies looking to push the boundaries of possibility for sustainable aircraft.
Artist’s concept of a 50-60 passenger hydrogen fuel cell electric plane created by Boeing through its future flight concept efforts. Aurora Flight Sciences, a Boeing Company, received an award through NASA’s Advanced Aircraft Concepts for Environmental Sustainability 2050 initiative to examine new alternative aviation fuels propulsion systems, aerodynamic technologies, and aircraft configurations, along with other technology areas.
Boeing
NASA Aeronautics – A Vision for Aviation in the 21st Century
NASA's Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate is working to enable industry to introduce transformative options for future air travel in at least four major areas.
High-Speed Commercial Flight
Quesst is NASA's mission to show the X-59 can fly supersonic without generating loud sonic booms and survey what people hear when it flies overhead. Reaction to the quieter sonic "thumps" will be shared with regulators who will then consider writing new rules to lift the ban on faster-than-sound flight over land.
Advanced Air Mobility is NASA's mission to help emerging aviation markets safely develop an air transportation system that moves people and cargo between places previously not served or underserved by aviation, using revolutionary new aircraft that are only just now becoming possible thanks to converging technologies.
Under the Sustainable Flight National Partnership, NASA is leading federal agencies and industry to accelerate the development of sustainable technologies. The goal is to enable globally competitive next generation airliners using up to 30% less fuel.
NASA is working with the Federal Aviation Administration and others to transform air traffic management systems to safely accommodate the growing demand of new air vehicles entering the airspace, enabling them to perform a variety of missions no matter what airspace that mission may require.
Quesst is the name of NASA Aeronautics' mission to help take the first step toward enabling commercial, faster-than-sound air travel over land. The centerpiece of the mission is NASA's X-59 research aircraft. The experimental supersonic jet is designed with technology that reduces the loudness of a sonic boom to a gentle thump. NASA will fly the X-59 over select U.S. communities and take surveys to record what people think of the quieter sonic thumps. The human response data will be delivered to U.S. and international regulators, who will consider setting new rules that allow supersonic flight over land.
NASA’s Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) research will transform our communities by bringing the movement of people and goods off the ground, on demand, and into the sky. This air transportation system of the…
Your next binge worthy series is right here. Enjoy this collection of videos that help tell the story of how NASA Aeronautics is transforming aviation for the 21st century.
NASA’s Aeronautics Innovation Challenges are your entry points to the exciting, fast-moving aviation world of today. And they’re valuable ways for us to get inputs and ideas that may never have occurred to us. Thank you for joining our journey!
NASA invites you, your family – even your friends and classmates – to sign up and add your name to our list of virtual passengers. Your name can ride with us on our X-planes, drones, and other flights as NASA explores ways to improve aviation for everyone. Print your personalized boarding passes, enter flights into your virtual flight log, and access activities, videos, and more!
The predecessor of NASA, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) was founded in 1915 with the intent of being an advisory committee that would coordinate research underway elsewhere. It quickly became a leading research organization in the new field of aeronautics, pushing back the boundaries of flight until its transformation into NASA in 1958.
News about using NASA aircraft to better understand our world.
Aeronáutica en español
Conozca los avances tecnológicos desarrollados por la NASA, la industria de la aviación está mejor equipada que nunca para transportar pasajeros y carga de manera segura y eficiente a destinos alrededor del mundo en español.
NASA technology development supports the nation’s innovation economy by creating solutions for space exploration that also generate tangible benefits for life on Earth. NASA is investing in the future of innovation.
Featured Podcast
NASA's Curious Universe
Come get curious with NASA. As an official NASA podcast, Curious Universe brings you mind-blowing science and space adventures you won't find anywhere else. Explore the cosmos alongside astronauts, scientists, engineers, and other top NASA experts. Learn something new about the wild and wonderful universe we share. All you need to get started is a little curiosity.
STMD is refining its strategy for prioritizing technology investments, with the goal of evolving into a stronger and more resilient national tech base for civil space.
The NASA Technology Transfer program ensures that innovations developed for exploration and discovery are broadly available to the public, maximizing the benefit to the nation. NASA ensures inventions for space find practical uses closer to home. They often become solutions to different challenges – ones we didn’t set out to solve. Called NASA spinoffs, these technologies benefit life on Earth in the form of commercial products.
iss069e018537 (June 9, 2023) — NASA astronaut and Expedition 68 Flight Engineer Woody Hoburg rides the Canadarm2 robotic arm while maneuvering a roll-out solar array toward the International Space Station’s truss structure 257 miles above the Pacific Ocean. In the rear, is the SpaceX Dragon crew vehicle that docked to the Harmony module’s forward port on March 3 carrying four SpaceX Crew-6 crew members.
Explora el universo y descubre tu planeta natal con nosotros, en tu idioma.
Ciencia de la NASA
Para todos
La ciencia es la clave para descubrir los secretos del universo: uniendo a la humanidad con cada descubrimiento, expandiendo nuestro conocimiento y despertando nuestra imaginación. Al navegar por las arenas del tiempo y el espacio, la ciencia da contexto y significado a mediciones grandes y pequeñas. ¿Sabías que existen tantas estrellas en el universo como hay granos de arena en la Tierra? La nueva era de los descubrimientos científicos de la NASA acaba de comenzar, ¡y tú eres parte de ella!
El galardonado sitio web Space Place de la NASA atrae a los niños de primaria superior a las ciencias espaciales y terrestres a través de juegos interactivos, actividades prácticas, artículos divertidos y videos cortos. Con material en inglés y español y numerosos recursos para niños, padres y maestros, Space Place tiene algo para todos.
Gracias a los avances tecnológicos desarrollados por la NASA, la industria de la aviación está mejor equipada que nunca para transportar a pasajeros y carga de manera segura y eficiente a destinos en todo el mundo. De hecho, todos los aviones estadounidenses que vuelan hoy día, así como todos los controles de tráfico aéreo de los Estados Unidos, utilizan, de alguna manera u otra, tecnología desarrollada por la NASA.
Bienvenidos a Universo curioso de la NASA, en donde te invitamos a explorar el cosmos en tu idioma. En este pódcast, ¡la NASA es tu guía turística a las estrellas!
Read this release in English here. Mediante la campaña Artemis, la NASA llevará a los siguientes astronautas estadounidenses y al primer…
News Release
Recorre la estación espacial en español
El astronauta de la NASA Frank Rubio, que batió récords, ofrece el primer recorrido en video en español de la agencia por el hogar de la humanidad en el espacio – la Estación Espacial Internacional.
Espacio a Tierra, la versión en español de las cápsulas Space to Ground de la NASA, te informa semanalmente de lo que está sucediendo en la Estación Espacial Internacional.
¡Suscríbete!
Recibe en tu buzón de correo electrónico nuestro boletín semanal para no perderte ninguno de nuestros avances en la exploración del espacio y la Tierra.
Nuestras lecciones y actividades enfocadas en la aeronáutica se centran en conceptos de de ciencia, tecnología, ingeniería y matemáticas en el contexto del mundo real, y ayudan a inspirar a los estudiantes y a visualizar el futuro de la aeronáutica.
Desde la búsqueda de vida en Marte hasta el estudio de los océanos de nuestro sistema solar, los astrobiólogos tratan de desentrañar los misterios del cosmos. Aprende cómo puedes involucrate en esta fascinante búsqueda. Descarga nuestra novela gráfica
NASA+ es un servicio de transmisión gratis y sin publicidad, con coberturas en directo y series de video originales. No requiere suscripción.
Cambio climático
Signos vitales del planeta: cambio climático global y calentamiento global. ¿Cómo sabemos que está sucediendo? Aquí está la evidencia.
Gente de la NASA
Te presentamos perfiles de empleados hispanos que se desempeñan en múltiples e importantes funciones en la agencia: desde directora de centro a analista de política espacial.
Estación Espacial Internacional
Recursos educativos de la Estación Espacial Internacional
Ciencias espaciales y terrestres para niños
¡Juegos divertidos, actividades prácticas, videos y artículos para aprender sobre el trabajo de la NASA en la Tierra y más allá!
Productos de STEM en español
Estamos llevando el aprendizaje a nuevas alturas con recursos de STEM que conectan a educadores, estudiantes, padres y cuidadores con el inspirador trabajo de la NASA. STEM es un acrónimo en inglés que hace referencia a las materias de ciencia, tecnología, ingeniería y matemáticas. Desde actividades que se pueden realizar en casa hasta guías educativas más detalladas, ofrecemos algo para estudiantes de cualquier nivel.
Los medios de comunicación hispanohablantes que deseen solicitar entrevistas en español con expertos, visitar un centro de la NASA o que tengan otras preguntas sobre la agencia se deben poner en contacto con María José Viñas.
Para solicitudes específicas al Centro Espacial Kennedy, contacten a Antonia Jaramillo.
#' @details A user should visit \\url{https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/information/documents} Data Access document to register with the Earth Observing System Data and Information System (\\acronym{NASA Earthdata}) and then authorize \\acronym{NASA} GESDISC Data Access to successfully work with this function. The function accesses \\acronym{NASA} Goddard Space Flight Center server address for \\acronym{IMERG} remote sensing data products at (\\url{https://gpm1.gesdisc.eosdis.nasa.gov/data/GPM_L3/GPM_3IMERGDF.06/}), and \\acronym{NASA} Goddard Space Flight Center server address for \\acronym{TRMM} remote sen…
'}, 'id': {'raw': 'g/nasa/NASAaccess/R/GPMswat.R'}, 'owner_id': {'raw': '848102'}, 'path': {'raw': 'R/GPMswat.R'}, 'repo': {'raw': 'nasa/NASAaccess'}, 'total_matches': {'raw': '12'}}
2025-03-21 19:45:16,065 [INFO] sflib : Fetched https://grep.app/api/search?q=nasa.gov&page=16 (25707 bytes in 0.5702016353607178s)
sfp_grep_app Raw Data from RIRs/APIs {'branch': {'raw': 'master'}, 'content': {'snippet': '
x['_meta_provenance']='Fermi LAT instrument team, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center'
82
x['_meta_reference']='<a href="http://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/observations/types/allsky">Data</a> and <a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009ApJ...697.1071A">survey paper (ADS)</a>'
'}, 'id': {'raw': 'g/crawler-commons/crawler-commons/src/main/java/crawlercommons/sitemaps/sax/RSSHandler.java'}, 'owner_id': {'raw': '11871279'}, 'path': {'raw': 'src/main/java/crawlercommons/sitemaps/sax/RSSHandler.java'}, 'repo': {'raw': 'crawler-commons/crawler-commons'}, 'total_matches': {'raw': '5'}}
sfp_grep_app Raw Data from RIRs/APIs {'branch': {'raw': 'master'}, 'content': {'snippet': '
14
#' @details A user should visit \\url{https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/information/documents} Data Access document to register with the Earth Observing System Data and Information System (\\acronym{NASA Earthdata}) and then authorize \\acronym{NASA} \\acronym{GESDISC} Data Access to successfully work with this function.
15
#' The function accesses \\acronym{NASA} Goddard Space Flight Center server for \\acronym{IMERG} remote sensing data products at (\\url{https://gpm1.gesdisc.eosdis.nasa.gov/data/GPM_L3/GPM_3IMERGDF.06/}), and \\acronym{NASA} AMES Research Center server for \\acronym{NEX-GDDP-CMIP6}
'}, 'id': {'raw': 'g/nasa/NASAaccess/R/NEXGDDP_CMIP6.R'}, 'owner_id': {'raw': '848102'}, 'path': {'raw': 'R/NEXGDDP_CMIP6.R'}, 'repo': {'raw': 'nasa/NASAaccess'}, 'total_matches': {'raw': '12'}}
sfp_grep_app Raw Data from RIRs/APIs {'branch': {'raw': 'master'}, 'content': {'snippet': '
For a detailed description on the Mascon solution, including
55
the mathematical derivation, implementation of geophysical constraints, and
56
solution validation, please see [Watkins et al., 2015](https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011547).
57
This product is intended for expert use only; other users are encouraged to
58
use the [CRI-filtered Mascon dataset](https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/TELLUS_GRAC-GRFO_MASCON_GRID_RL06.1_V3).
'}, 'id': {'raw': 'g/google/earthengine-catalog/main/catalog/NASA/NASA_GRACE_MASS_GRIDS_V03_MASCON.jsonnet'}, 'owner_id': {'raw': '1342004'}, 'path': {'raw': 'catalog/NASA/NASA_GRACE_MASS_GRIDS_V03_MASCON.jsonnet'}, 'repo': {'raw': 'google/earthengine-catalog'}, 'total_matches': {'raw': '6'}}
sfp_grep_app Linked URL - Internal https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/TELLUS_GRAC-GRFO_MASCON_GRID_RL06.1_V3).
2025-03-21 19:45:19,538 [INFO] sflib : Fetched https://grep.app/api/search?q=nasa.gov&page=18 (18135 bytes in 0.6868793964385986s)
2025-03-21 19:45:20,559 [INFO] sfp_grep_app : Parsing page 18 of 20
2025-03-21 19:45:20,567 [INFO] sfp_grep_app : Found e-mail address: reder@jpl.nasa.gov
2025-03-21 19:45:20,570 [INFO] sflib : Fetching (GET): https://grep.app/api/search?q=nasa.gov&page=19 (proxy=None, user-agent=Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:62.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/62.0, timeout=5, cookies=None)
2025-03-21 19:45:20,584 [INFO] sfp_tldsearch : Found a TLD with the target's name: nasa.my.id
2025-03-21 19:45:20,586 [INFO] sfp_tldsearch : Spawning threads to check TLDs: [['nasa.or.id', 'or.id'], ['nasa.ponpes.id', 'ponpes.id'], ['nasa.sch.id', 'sch.id'], ['nasa.web.id', 'web.id']]
2025-03-21 19:45:21,016 [INFO] sflib : Fetched https://grep.app/api/search?q=nasa.gov&page=19 (22934 bytes in 0.4189012050628662s)
sfp_grep_app Raw Data from RIRs/APIs {'branch': {'raw': 'main'}, 'content': {'snippet': '
107
ScienceKeywords:{
108
description:'Controlled Science Keywords describing the measurements/variables. The controlled vocabulary for Science Keywords is maintained in the Keyword Management System (KMS). The valid values can be found at the KMS website: https://gcmdservices.gsfc.nasa.gov/kms/concepts/concept_scheme/sciencekeywords?format=csv.',
* to retrieve imagery from the WMS at <a href="https://worldwind25.arc.nasa.gov/wms?SERVICE=WMS&REQUEST=GetCapabilities">https://worldwind25.arc.nasa.gov/wms</a>.
16
*/
17
publicclassLandsatLayerextendsWmsLayer{
18
19
/**
20
* Constructs a Landsat image layer with the WMS at https://worldwind25.arc.nasa.gov/wms.
21
*/
22
publicLandsatLayer(){
23
this("https://worldwind25.arc.nasa.gov/wms");
'}, 'id': {'raw': 'g/NASAWorldWind/WorldWindAndroid/develop/worldwind/src/main/java/gov/nasa/worldwind/layer/LandsatLayer.java'}, 'owner_id': {'raw': '14023654'}, 'path': {'raw': 'worldwind/src/main/java/gov/nasa/worldwind/layer/LandsatLayer.java'}, 'repo': {'raw': 'NASAWorldWind/WorldWindAndroid'}, 'total_matches': {'raw': '4'}}
sfp_grep_app Raw Data from RIRs/APIs {'branch': {'raw': 'main'}, 'content': {'snippet': '
'}, 'id': {'raw': 'g/systemd/systemd/main/src/resolve/test-dnssec-complex.c'}, 'owner_id': {'raw': '1918868'}, 'path': {'raw': 'src/resolve/test-dnssec-complex.c'}, 'repo': {'raw': 'systemd/systemd'}, 'total_matches': {'raw': '6'}}
sfp_grep_app Raw Data from RIRs/APIs {'branch': {'raw': 'main'}, 'content': {'snippet': '
186
URLContentType:{
187
description:'A keyword describing the distinct content type of the online resource to this resource. This helps software present the information to the user. The valid values are contained in the KMS System: https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/KeywordViewer/scheme/all/8759ab63-ac04-4136-bc25-0c00eece1096/.',
"count(//wmts:Contents/wmts:Layer[ows:Identifier='AMSR2_Snow_Water_Equivalent']/wmts:MetadataURL[@xlink:type='simple'][xlink:role='http://earthdata.nasa.gov/gibs/metadata-type/colormap'][xlink:href='https://gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov/colormaps/v1.3/AMSR2_Snow_Water_Equivalent.xml'][xlink:title='GIBS Color Map: Data - RGB Mapping'])",
Science Data and Information Policy](https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/engage/open-data-services-and-software/data-and-information-policy/),
'}, 'id': {'raw': 'g/google/earthengine-catalog/main/catalog/NASA/NASA_GLDAS_V20_NOAH_G025_T3H.jsonnet'}, 'owner_id': {'raw': '1342004'}, 'path': {'raw': 'catalog/NASA/NASA_GLDAS_V20_NOAH_G025_T3H.jsonnet'}, 'repo': {'raw': 'google/earthengine-catalog'}, 'total_matches': {'raw': '6'}}
sfp_grep_app Linked URL - Internal https://hydro1.gesdisc.eosdis.nasa.gov/data/GLDAS/GLDAS_NOAH025_3H.2.0/doc/README_GLDAS2.pdf)
sfp_tldsearch Similar Domain nasa.web.id
sfp_tldsearch Similar Domain nasa.or.id
2025-03-21 19:45:23,648 [INFO] sfp_grep_app : Parsing page 20 of 20
2025-03-21 19:45:23,675 [INFO] sfp_grep_app : Found e-mail address: delabeau@iniki.gsfc.nasa.gov
sfp_grep_app Raw Data from RIRs/APIs {'branch': {'raw': 'master'}, 'content': {'snippet': '
10
#' @details A user should visit \\url{https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/information/documents} Data Access document to register with the Earth Observing System Data and Information System (\\acronym{NASA Earthdata}) and then authorize \\acronym{NASA} GESDISC Data Access to successfully work with this function. The function accesses \\acronym{NASA} Goddard Space Flight Center server address for \\acronym{GLDAS} remote sensing data products at (\\url{https://hydro1.gesdisc.eosdis.nasa.gov/data/GLDAS/GLDAS_NOAH025_3H.2.1/}). The function uses variable name ('Tair_f_inst') for air temperature in \\acronym{GLDA…
#'@return No return value on success, on failure it will [stop()]
13
#'@references Credits to Cole Krehbiel. Code adapted from \\url{https://git.earthdata.nasa.gov/projects/LPDUR/repos/daac_data_download_r/browse/DAACDataDownload.R}
#' @details A user should visit \\url{https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/information/documents} Data Access document to register with the Earth Observing System Data and Information System (\\acronym{NASA Earthdata}) and then authorize \\acronym{NASA} GESDISC Data Access to successfully work with this function. The function accesses \\acronym{NASA} Goddard Space Flight Center server address for \\acronym{GLDAS} remote sensing data products at (\\url{https://hydro1.gesdisc.eosdis.nasa.gov/data/GLDAS/GLDAS_NOAH025_3H.2.1/}). The function uses variable name ('Tair_f_inst') for air temperature in \\acronym{GLDA…
'}, 'id': {'raw': 'g/nasa/NASAaccess/R/GLDASwat.R'}, 'owner_id': {'raw': '848102'}, 'path': {'raw': 'R/GLDASwat.R'}, 'repo': {'raw': 'nasa/NASAaccess'}, 'total_matches': {'raw': '9'}}
2025-03-21 19:45:23,854 [INFO] sfp_tldsearch : Found a TLD with the target's name: nasa.co.il
2025-03-21 19:45:23,855 [INFO] sfp_tldsearch : Spawning threads to check TLDs: [['nasa.idf.il', 'idf.il'], ['nasa.k12.il', 'k12.il'], ['nasa.muni.il', 'muni.il'], ['nasa.net.il', 'net.il']]
sfp_grep_app Raw Data from RIRs/APIs {'branch': {'raw': 'main'}, 'content': {'snippet': '
\t<h1><ahref="http://www.nasa.gov/">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</a></h1>
42
\t<h2><ahref="http://www.nasa.gov/goddard">Goddard Space Flight Center</a></h2>
43
\t</div>
47
\t <ahref="/ssc/">FSSC</a>•<ahref="http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/">HEASARC</a>•<ahref="http://science.gsfc.nasa.gov/">Sciences and Exploration</a>
The Euclid space telescope—a mission led by the European Space Agency with contributions from NASA—aims to find out why our universe is expanding at an accelerating rate.
Where California’s towering Sierra Nevada mountain range surrenders to the sprawling San Joaquin Valley, a high-stakes detective story is unfolding. The culprit isn’t a person but a process: the mysterious journey of snowmelt as it travels underground to replenish depleted groundwater reserves.
For more than 50 years, NASA satellites have provided data on Earth's land, water, air, temperature, and climate. NASA's Earth Information Center allows visitors to see how our planet is changing in six key areas: sea level rise and coastal impacts, health and air quality, wildfires, greenhouse gases, sustainable energy, and agriculture.
This image shows about 1.5% of Euclid’s Deep Field South, one of three regions of the sky that the telescope will observe for more than 40 weeks over the course of its prime mission, spotting faint and distant galaxies. One galaxy cluster near the center is located almost 6 billion light-years away from Earth.
ESA/Euclid/Euclid Consortium/NASA; image processing by J.-C. Cuillandre, E. Bertin, G. An-selmi
With contributions from NASA, the mission is looking back into the universe’s history to understand how the universe’s expansion has changed.
The Euclid mission — led by ESA (European Space Agency) with contributions from NASA — aims to find out why our universe is expanding at an accelerating rate. Astronomers use the term “dark energy” to refer to the unknown cause of this phenomenon, and Euclid will take images of billions of galaxies to learn more about it. A portion of the mission’s data was released to the public by ESA on Wednesday, March 19.
This new data has been analyzed by mission scientists and provides a glimpse of Euclid’s progress. Deemed a “quick” data release, this batch focuses on select areas of the sky to demonstrate what can be expected in the larger data releases to come and to allow scientists to sharpen their data analysis tools in preparation.
The data release contains observations of Euclid’s three “deep fields,” or areas of the sky where the space telescope will eventually make its farthest observations of the universe. Featuring one week’s worth of viewing, the Euclid images contain 26 million galaxies, the most distant being over 10.5 billion light-years away. Launched in July 2023, the space telescope is expected to observe more than 1.5 billion galaxies during its six-year prime mission.
The entirety of the Euclid mission’s Deep Field South region is shown here. It is about 28.1 square degrees on the sky. Euclid will observe this and two other deep field regions for a total of about 40 weeks during its 6-year primary mission.
ESA/Euclid/Euclid Consortium/NASA; image processing by J.-C. Cuillandre, E. Bertin, G. An-selmi
By the end of that prime mission, Euclid will have observed the deep fields for a total of about 40 weeks in order to gradually collect more light, revealing fainter and more distant galaxies. This approach is akin to keeping a camera shutter open to photograph a subject in low light.
The first deep field observations, taken by NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope in 1995, famously revealed the existence of many more galaxies in the universe than expected. Euclid’s ultimate goal is not to discover new galaxies but to use observations of them to investigate how dark energy’s influence has changed over the course of the universe’s history.
In particular, scientists want to know how much the rate of expansion has increased or slowed down over time. Whatever the answer, that information would provide new clues about the fundamental nature of this phenomenon. NASA’s Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, set to launch by 2027, will also observe large sections of the sky in order to study dark energy, complementing Euclid’s observations.
The locations of the Euclid deep fields are shown marked in yellow on this all-sky view from ESA’s Gaia and Planck missions. The bright horizontal band is the plane of our Milky Way galaxy. Of the two regions highlighted at bottom right, Euclid’s Deep Field South is the one at left.
To study dark energy’s effect throughout cosmic history, astronomers will use Euclid to create detailed, 3D maps of all the stuff in the universe. With those maps, they want to measure how quickly dark energy is causing galaxies and big clumps of matter to move away from one another. They also want to measure that rate of expansion at different points in the past. This is possible because light from distant objects takes time to travel across space. When astronomers look at distant galaxies, they see what those objects looked like in the past.
For example, an object 100 light-years away looks the way it did 100 years ago. It’s like receiving a letter that took 100 years to be delivered and thus contains information from when it was written. By creating a map of objects at a range of distances, scientists can see how the universe has changed over time, including how dark energy’s influence may have varied.
But stars, galaxies, and all the “normal” matter that emits and reflects light is only about one-fifth of all the matter in the universe. The rest is called “dark matter” — a material that neither emits nor reflects light. To measure dark energy’s influence on the universe, astronomers need to include dark matter in their maps.
Bending and Warping
Although dark matter is invisible, its influence can be measured through something called gravitational lensing. The mass of both normal and dark matter creates curves in space, and light traveling toward Earth bends or warps as it encounters those curves. In fact, the light from a distant galaxy can bend so much that it forms an arc, a full circle (called an Einstein ring), or even multiple images of the same galaxy, almost as though the light has passed through a glass lens.
In most cases, gravitational lensing warps the apparent shape of a galaxy so subtly that researchers need special tools and computer software to see it. Spotting those subtle changes across billions of galaxies enables scientists to do two things: create a detailed map of the presence of dark matter and observe how dark energy influenced it over cosmic history.
It is only with a very large sample of galaxies that researchers can be confident they are seeing the effects of dark matter. The newly released Euclid data covers 63 square degrees of the sky, an area equivalent to an array of 300 full Moons. To date, Euclid has observed about 2,000 square degrees, which is approximately 14% of its total survey area of 14,000 square degrees. By the end of its mission, Euclid will have observed a third of the entire sky.
The dataset released this month is described in several preprint papers available today. The mission’s first cosmology data will be released in October 2026. Data accumulated over additional, multiple passes of the deep field locations will also be included in the 2026 release.
More About Euclid
Euclid is a European mission, built and operated by ESA, with contributions from NASA. The Euclid Consortium — consisting of more than 2,000 scientists from 300 institutes in 15 European countries, the United States, Canada, and Japan — is responsible for providing the scientific instruments and scientific data analysis. ESA selected Thales Alenia Space as prime contractor for the construction of the satellite and its service module, with Airbus Defence and Space chosen to develop the payload module, including the telescope. Euclid is a medium-class mission in ESA’s Cosmic Vision Programme.
Three NASA-supported science teams contribute to the Euclid mission. In addition to designing and fabricating the sensor-chip electronics for Euclid’s Near Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP) instrument, JPL led the procurement and delivery of the NISP detectors as well. Those detectors, along with the sensor chip electronics, were tested at NASA’s Detector Characterization Lab at Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. The Euclid NASA Science Center at IPAC (ENSCI), at Caltech in Pasadena, California, supports U.S.-based science investigations, and science data is archived at the NASA / IPAC Infrared Science Archive (IRSA). JPL is a division of Caltech.
NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has captured direct images of multiple gas giant planets within an iconic planetary system. HR 8799, a young system 130 light-years away, has long been a key target for planet formation studies.
The observations indicate that the well-studied planets of HR 8799 are rich in carbon dioxide gas. This provides strong evidence that the system’s four giant planets formed much like Jupiter and Saturn, by slowly building solid cores that attract gas from within a protoplanetary disk, a process known as core accretion.
The results also confirm that Webb can infer the chemistry of exoplanet atmospheres through imaging. This technique complements Webb’s powerful spectroscopic instruments, which can resolve the atmospheric composition.
“By spotting these strong carbon dioxide features, we have shown there is a sizable fraction of heavier elements, like carbon, oxygen, and iron, in these planets’ atmospheres,” said William Balmer, of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. “Given what we know about the star they orbit, that likely indicates they formed via core accretion, which is an exciting conclusion for planets that we can directly see.”
Balmer is the lead author of the study announcing the results published today in The Astrophysical Journal. Balmer and their team’s analysis also includes Webb’s observation of a system 97 light-years away called 51 Eridani.
Image A: HR 8799 (NIRCam Image)
NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has provided the clearest look in the infrared yet at the iconic multi-planet system HR 8799. The closest planet to the star, HR 8799 e, orbits 1.5 billion miles from its star, which in our solar system would be located between the orbit of Saturn and Neptune. The furthest, HR 8799 b, orbits around 6.3 billion miles from the star, more than twice Neptune’s orbital distance. Colors are applied to filters from Webb’s NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera), revealing their intrinsic differences. A star symbol marks the location of the host star HR 8799, whose light has been blocked by the coronagraph. In this image, the color blue is assigned to 4.1 micron light, green to 4.3 micron light, and red to the 4.6 micron light.
NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, W. Balmer (JHU), L. Pueyo (STScI), M. Perrin (STScI)
Image B: 51 Eridani (NIRCam Image)
Webb’s NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) captured this image of 51 Eridani b (also referred to as 51 Eri b), a cool, young exoplanet that orbits 890 million miles from its star, similar to Saturn’s orbit in our solar system. The 51 Eridani system is 97 light-years from Earth. This image includes filters representing 4.1-micron light as red. The background red in this image is not light from other planets, but a result of light subtraction during image processing.
NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, W. Balmer (JHU), L. Pueyo (STScI), M. Perrin (STScI)
HR 8799 is a young system about 30 million years old, a fraction of our solar system’s 4.6 billion years. Still hot from their tumultuous formation, the planets within HR 8799 emit large amounts of infrared light that give scientists valuable data on how they formed.
Giant planets can take shape in two ways: by slowly building solid cores with heavier elements that attract gas, just like the giants in our solar system, or when particles of gas rapidly coalesce into massive objects from a young star’s cooling disk, which is made mostly of the same kind of material as the star. The first process is called core accretion, and the second is called disk instability. Knowing which formation model is more common can give scientists clues to distinguish between the types of planets they find in other systems.
“Our hope with this kind of research is to understand our own solar system, life, and ourselves in the comparison to other exoplanetary systems, so we can contextualize our existence,” Balmer said. “We want to take pictures of other solar systems and see how they’re similar or different when compared to ours. From there, we can try to get a sense of how weird our solar system really is—or how normal.”
Image C: Young Gas Giant HR 8799 e (NIRCam Spectrum)
This graph shows a spectrum of one of the planets in the HR 8799 system, HR 8799 e. Spectral fingerprints of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide appear in data collected by Webb’s NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera).
NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, J. Olmsted (STScI)
Of the nearly 6,000 exoplanets discovered, few have been directly imaged, as even giant planets are many thousands of times fainter than their stars. The images of HR 8799 and 51 Eridani were made possible by Webb’s NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) coronagraph, which blocks light from bright stars to reveal otherwise hidden worlds.
This technology allowed the team to look for infrared light emitted by the planets in wavelengths that are absorbed by specific gases. The team found that the four HR 8799 planets contain more heavy elements than previously thought.
The team is paving the way for more detailed observations to determine whether objects they see orbiting other stars are truly giant planets or objects such as brown dwarfs, which form like stars but don’t accumulate enough mass to ignite nuclear fusion.
“We have other lines of evidence that hint at these four HR 8799 planets forming using this bottom-up approach” said Laurent Pueyo, an astronomer at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, who co-led the work. “How common is this for planets we can directly image? We don't know yet, but we're proposing more Webb observations to answer that question.”
“We knew Webb could measure colors of the outer planets in directly imaged systems,” added Rémi Soummer, director of STScI’s Russell B. Makidon Optics Lab and former lead for Webb coronagraph operations. “We have been waiting for 10 years to confirm that our finely tuned operations of the telescope would also allow us to access the inner planets. Now the results are in and we can do interesting science with it.”
The NIRCam observations of HR 8799 and 51 Eridani were conducted as part of Guaranteed Time Observations programs 1194 and 1412 respectively.
The James Webb Space Telescope is the world’s premier space science observatory. Webb will solve mysteries in our solar system, look beyond to distant worlds around other stars, and probe the mysterious structures and origins of our universe and our place in it. Webb is an international program led by NASA with its partners, ESA (European Space Agency) and the Canadian Space Agency.
This image shows about 1.5% of Euclid’s Deep Field South, one of three regions of the sky that the telescope will observe for more than 40 weeks over the course of its prime mission, spotting faint and distant galaxies. One galaxy cluster near the center is located almost 6 billion light-years away from Earth.
ESA/Euclid/Euclid Consortium/NASA; image processing by J.-C. Cuillandre, E. Bertin, G. An-selmi
With contributions from NASA, the mission is looking back into the universe’s history to understand how the universe’s expansion has changed.
The Euclid mission — led by ESA (European Space Agency) with contributions from NASA — aims to find out why our universe is expanding at an accelerating rate. Astronomers use the term “dark energy” to refer to the unknown cause of this phenomenon, and Euclid will take images of billions of galaxies to learn more about it. A portion of the mission’s data was released to the public by ESA on Wednesday, March 19.
This new data has been analyzed by mission scientists and provides a glimpse of Euclid’s progress. Deemed a “quick” data release, this batch focuses on select areas of the sky to demonstrate what can be expected in the larger data releases to come and to allow scientists to sharpen their data analysis tools in preparation.
The data release contains observations of Euclid’s three “deep fields,” or areas of the sky where the space telescope will eventually make its farthest observations of the universe. Featuring one week’s worth of viewing, the Euclid images contain 26 million galaxies, the most distant being over 10.5 billion light-years away. Launched in July 2023, the space telescope is expected to observe more than 1.5 billion galaxies during its six-year prime mission.
The entirety of the Euclid mission’s Deep Field South region is shown here. It is about 28.1 square degrees on the sky. Euclid will observe this and two other deep field regions for a total of about 40 weeks during its 6-year primary mission.
ESA/Euclid/Euclid Consortium/NASA; image processing by J.-C. Cuillandre, E. Bertin, G. An-selmi
By the end of that prime mission, Euclid will have observed the deep fields for a total of about 40 weeks in order to gradually collect more light, revealing fainter and more distant galaxies. This approach is akin to keeping a camera shutter open to photograph a subject in low light.
The first deep field observations, taken by NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope in 1995, famously revealed the existence of many more galaxies in the universe than expected. Euclid’s ultimate goal is not to discover new galaxies but to use observations of them to investigate how dark energy’s influence has changed over the course of the universe’s history.
In particular, scientists want to know how much the rate of expansion has increased or slowed down over time. Whatever the answer, that information would provide new clues about the fundamental nature of this phenomenon. NASA’s Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, set to launch by 2027, will also observe large sections of the sky in order to study dark energy, complementing Euclid’s observations.
The locations of the Euclid deep fields are shown marked in yellow on this all-sky view from ESA’s Gaia and Planck missions. The bright horizontal band is the plane of our Milky Way galaxy. Of the two regions highlighted at bottom right, Euclid’s Deep Field South is the one at left.
To study dark energy’s effect throughout cosmic history, astronomers will use Euclid to create detailed, 3D maps of all the stuff in the universe. With those maps, they want to measure how quickly dark energy is causing galaxies and big clumps of matter to move away from one another. They also want to measure that rate of expansion at different points in the past. This is possible because light from distant objects takes time to travel across space. When astronomers look at distant galaxies, they see what those objects looked like in the past.
For example, an object 100 light-years away looks the way it did 100 years ago. It’s like receiving a letter that took 100 years to be delivered and thus contains information from when it was written. By creating a map of objects at a range of distances, scientists can see how the universe has changed over time, including how dark energy’s influence may have varied.
But stars, galaxies, and all the “normal” matter that emits and reflects light is only about one-fifth of all the matter in the universe. The rest is called “dark matter” — a material that neither emits nor reflects light. To measure dark energy’s influence on the universe, astronomers need to include dark matter in their maps.
Bending and Warping
Although dark matter is invisible, its influence can be measured through something called gravitational lensing. The mass of both normal and dark matter creates curves in space, and light traveling toward Earth bends or warps as it encounters those curves. In fact, the light from a distant galaxy can bend so much that it forms an arc, a full circle (called an Einstein ring), or even multiple images of the same galaxy, almost as though the light has passed through a glass lens.
In most cases, gravitational lensing warps the apparent shape of a galaxy so subtly that researchers need special tools and computer software to see it. Spotting those subtle changes across billions of galaxies enables scientists to do two things: create a detailed map of the presence of dark matter and observe how dark energy influenced it over cosmic history.
It is only with a very large sample of galaxies that researchers can be confident they are seeing the effects of dark matter. The newly released Euclid data covers 63 square degrees of the sky, an area equivalent to an array of 300 full Moons. To date, Euclid has observed about 2,000 square degrees, which is approximately 14% of its total survey area of 14,000 square degrees. By the end of its mission, Euclid will have observed a third of the entire sky.
The dataset released this month is described in several preprint papers available today. The mission’s first cosmology data will be released in October 2026. Data accumulated over additional, multiple passes of the deep field locations will also be included in the 2026 release.
More About Euclid
Euclid is a European mission, built and operated by ESA, with contributions from NASA. The Euclid Consortium — consisting of more than 2,000 scientists from 300 institutes in 15 European countries, the United States, Canada, and Japan — is responsible for providing the scientific instruments and scientific data analysis. ESA selected Thales Alenia Space as prime contractor for the construction of the satellite and its service module, with Airbus Defence and Space chosen to develop the payload module, including the telescope. Euclid is a medium-class mission in ESA’s Cosmic Vision Programme.
Three NASA-supported science teams contribute to the Euclid mission. In addition to designing and fabricating the sensor-chip electronics for Euclid’s Near Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP) instrument, JPL led the procurement and delivery of the NISP detectors as well. Those detectors, along with the sensor chip electronics, were tested at NASA’s Detector Characterization Lab at Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. The Euclid NASA Science Center at IPAC (ENSCI), at Caltech in Pasadena, California, supports U.S.-based science investigations, and science data is archived at the NASA / IPAC Infrared Science Archive (IRSA). JPL is a division of Caltech.
NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has captured direct images of multiple gas giant planets within an iconic planetary system. HR 8799, a young system 130 light-years away, has long been a key target for planet formation studies.
The observations indicate that the well-studied planets of HR 8799 are rich in carbon dioxide gas. This provides strong evidence that the system’s four giant planets formed much like Jupiter and Saturn, by slowly building solid cores that attract gas from within a protoplanetary disk, a process known as core accretion.
The results also confirm that Webb can infer the chemistry of exoplanet atmospheres through imaging. This technique complements Webb’s powerful spectroscopic instruments, which can resolve the atmospheric composition.
“By spotting these strong carbon dioxide features, we have shown there is a sizable fraction of heavier elements, like carbon, oxygen, and iron, in these planets’ atmospheres,” said William Balmer, of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. “Given what we know about the star they orbit, that likely indicates they formed via core accretion, which is an exciting conclusion for planets that we can directly see.”
Balmer is the lead author of the study announcing the results published today in The Astrophysical Journal. Balmer and their team’s analysis also includes Webb’s observation of a system 97 light-years away called 51 Eridani.
Image A: HR 8799 (NIRCam Image)
NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has provided the clearest look in the infrared yet at the iconic multi-planet system HR 8799. The closest planet to the star, HR 8799 e, orbits 1.5 billion miles from its star, which in our solar system would be located between the orbit of Saturn and Neptune. The furthest, HR 8799 b, orbits around 6.3 billion miles from the star, more than twice Neptune’s orbital distance. Colors are applied to filters from Webb’s NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera), revealing their intrinsic differences. A star symbol marks the location of the host star HR 8799, whose light has been blocked by the coronagraph. In this image, the color blue is assigned to 4.1 micron light, green to 4.3 micron light, and red to the 4.6 micron light.
NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, W. Balmer (JHU), L. Pueyo (STScI), M. Perrin (STScI)
Image B: 51 Eridani (NIRCam Image)
Webb’s NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) captured this image of 51 Eridani b (also referred to as 51 Eri b), a cool, young exoplanet that orbits 890 million miles from its star, similar to Saturn’s orbit in our solar system. The 51 Eridani system is 97 light-years from Earth. This image includes filters representing 4.1-micron light as red. The background red in this image is not light from other planets, but a result of light subtraction during image processing.
NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, W. Balmer (JHU), L. Pueyo (STScI), M. Perrin (STScI)
HR 8799 is a young system about 30 million years old, a fraction of our solar system’s 4.6 billion years. Still hot from their tumultuous formation, the planets within HR 8799 emit large amounts of infrared light that give scientists valuable data on how they formed.
Giant planets can take shape in two ways: by slowly building solid cores with heavier elements that attract gas, just like the giants in our solar system, or when particles of gas rapidly coalesce into massive objects from a young star’s cooling disk, which is made mostly of the same kind of material as the star. The first process is called core accretion, and the second is called disk instability. Knowing which formation model is more common can give scientists clues to distinguish between the types of planets they find in other systems.
“Our hope with this kind of research is to understand our own solar system, life, and ourselves in the comparison to other exoplanetary systems, so we can contextualize our existence,” Balmer said. “We want to take pictures of other solar systems and see how they’re similar or different when compared to ours. From there, we can try to get a sense of how weird our solar system really is—or how normal.”
Image C: Young Gas Giant HR 8799 e (NIRCam Spectrum)
This graph shows a spectrum of one of the planets in the HR 8799 system, HR 8799 e. Spectral fingerprints of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide appear in data collected by Webb’s NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera).
NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, J. Olmsted (STScI)
Of the nearly 6,000 exoplanets discovered, few have been directly imaged, as even giant planets are many thousands of times fainter than their stars. The images of HR 8799 and 51 Eridani were made possible by Webb’s NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) coronagraph, which blocks light from bright stars to reveal otherwise hidden worlds.
This technology allowed the team to look for infrared light emitted by the planets in wavelengths that are absorbed by specific gases. The team found that the four HR 8799 planets contain more heavy elements than previously thought.
The team is paving the way for more detailed observations to determine whether objects they see orbiting other stars are truly giant planets or objects such as brown dwarfs, which form like stars but don’t accumulate enough mass to ignite nuclear fusion.
“We have other lines of evidence that hint at these four HR 8799 planets forming using this bottom-up approach” said Laurent Pueyo, an astronomer at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, who co-led the work. “How common is this for planets we can directly image? We don't know yet, but we're proposing more Webb observations to answer that question.”
“We knew Webb could measure colors of the outer planets in directly imaged systems,” added Rémi Soummer, director of STScI’s Russell B. Makidon Optics Lab and former lead for Webb coronagraph operations. “We have been waiting for 10 years to confirm that our finely tuned operations of the telescope would also allow us to access the inner planets. Now the results are in and we can do interesting science with it.”
The NIRCam observations of HR 8799 and 51 Eridani were conducted as part of Guaranteed Time Observations programs 1194 and 1412 respectively.
The James Webb Space Telescope is the world’s premier space science observatory. Webb will solve mysteries in our solar system, look beyond to distant worlds around other stars, and probe the mysterious structures and origins of our universe and our place in it. Webb is an international program led by NASA with its partners, ESA (European Space Agency) and the Canadian Space Agency.
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Technicians inside the Payload Hazardous Servicing Facility at Kennedy Space Center install and test antennas on a solar array on Wednesday, March 20, 2024, for the agency’s Europa Clipper spacecraft which will study Jupiter’s icy moon, Europa, to determine if the planet can support life.
NASA/Isaac Watson
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NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover took a selfie with the Ingenuity helicopter, seen here about 13 feet from the rover. This image was taken by the WASTON camera on the rover’s robotic arm on April 6, 2021.
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